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The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, commonly referred to as the Fourth Geneva Convention and abbreviated as GCIV, is one of the four treaties of the Geneva Conventions. It was adopted in August 1949, and defines humanitarian protections for civilians in a war zone. There are currently 196 countries party to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, including this and the other three treaties.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 States party to the main treaties )〕 In 1993, the United Nations Security Council adopted a report from the Secretary-General and a Commission of Experts which concluded that the Geneva Conventions had passed into the body of customary international law, thus making them binding on non-signatories to the Conventions whenever they engage in armed conflicts.〔http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/icty/icty.html〕 == Part I. General Provisions == This sets out the overall parameters for GCIV: * Article 2 states that signatories are bound by the convention both in war, armed conflicts where war has not been declared, and in an occupation of another country's territory. * Article 3 states that even where there is not a conflict of international character, the parties must as a minimum adhere to minimal protections described as: non-combatants, members of armed forces who have laid down their arms, and combatants who are ''hors de combat'' (out of the fight) due to wounds, detention, or any other cause ''shall in all circumstances be treated humanely'', with the following prohibitions: *:''(a) violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture;'' *:''(b) taking of hostages;'' *:''(c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment'' *:''(d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court, affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples.'' * Article 4 defines who is a Protected person: ''Persons protected by the Convention are those who, at a given moment and in any manner whatsoever, find themselves, in case of a conflict or occupation, in the hands of a Party to the conflict or Occupying Power of which they are not nationals.'' But it explicitly excludes ''Nationals of a State which is not bound by the Convention'' and the citizens of a neutral state or an allied state if that state has normal diplomatic relations ''within the State in whose hands they are''. * A number of articles specify how ''Protecting Powers'', ''ICRC'' and ''other humanitarian organizations'' may aid Protected persons. * Article 5 provides for the suspension of persons' rights under the Convention for the duration of time that this is "prejudicial to the security of such State", although "such persons shall nevertheless be treated with humanity and, in case of trial, shall not be deprived of the rights of fair and regular trial prescribed by the present Convention." Protected person is the most important definition in this section because many of the articles in the rest of GCIV only apply to ''Protected persons''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fourth Geneva Convention」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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